Showing posts with label Africa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Africa. Show all posts

Friday, April 6, 2012

April 6, 1912: Manitoba; the Titanic; Atlantis; a Painting; and a Car

The town of Transcona, Manitoba was incorporated on this date in 1912. This is also the day in 1912 when the territory of Manitoba grew to its present size.

You'll find a whole lot more about what happened on April 6 in Canada, at "April 6," This Day in Canadian History.

The same year, April 6 was the day when the RMS Titanic was four days from starting its first voyage, and nine days from ending its last trip. ("RMS Titanic," Wikipedia)

Elsewhere in 1912:
  • Leo Frobenius was in the last year of an expedition
    • In Africa
    • Where he thought he'd found Atlantis
  • Gustav Klimt painted a picture of Mäda Primavesi
    • Neither of whom are particularly famous today
  • Gaylords were still being built
    • It's a kind of car
None of which is likely to help you fill out your income tax forms. Which, if you're an American, are due April 15. Which, oddly enough, is the same date on which the Titanic sank.

Sort-of-related posts:

Friday, February 10, 2012

From the Department of Unintended Consequences: One Dead Rhino

It looked so good on paper: put poison in a rare rhinoceros, to discourage poachers.

Just one problem: now the rhino is dead. It wasn't the poison, though.

Oops!

"Bungled conservation effort kills South African rhino"
Reuters (February 9, 2012)

"A group of animal conservationists in South Africa accidentally killed a rhinoceros they were attempting to make safe from poachers in a botched public relations event.

"Spencer the rhino went into convulsions and died after he was shot with a tranquilizer dart in front of a crush of TV cameras and photographers who had been invited to document an operation to insert a poison capsule into his horn....

"...'The rhino had an unfortunate reaction to the anesthesia,' Rhino Rescue Project spokeswoman Lorinda Hern said. 'Every time you dart a rhino, you take a risk that the rhino might not wake up and unfortunately today was one of those days.'

"Conservation groups insert poison capsules into the horns of rhinos, which release poison into the horn when it is removed from the animal and are meant to render the horn value-less for hunters seeking to sell it on for use in traditional medicine...."

Maybe it makes sense to spike a rare rhino's horn. Maybe:
  • The odds of killing the rhino are fairly low
  • Most poachers will
    • Know about the poison pill
    • Care about selling poisoned rhino horn
  • Rhino horn buyers will
    • Know about the poison pill
    • Care about buying poisoned rhino horn
That's a lot of 'maybes.'

In the Lemming's opinion, folks running the Rhino Rescue Project are putting a lot of faith in the humanitarian impulses of poachers, and the ethical standards of drug smugglers dealers in illegal animal parts.

Living in the Real World

In an ideal world, people wouldn't put rat poo in peanut butter, or sell toxic toys. But this isn't an ideal world:So what's the big deal about rhinoceros horn? Quite a few folks seem convinced that the stuff cures just about everything:Sort of like snake oil: except that a (genuinely) endangered species might go extinct.

The Lemming hopes that enough folks in Asia will take another look at their equivalent of high-octane patent medicines: and decide to stop contributing to the extinction of an odd sort of critter.

Or - here's an idea - maybe someone in South Africa will come up with a marketable substitute for rhino horn. The country raises beef, poultry, and sheep - apparently for local consumption. Maybe byproducts that aren't getting used now, like bone, could be turned into an exportable commodity.

Or maybe the Lemming's too optimistic, or pessimistic, about marketing and gullibility. And that's another topic.

Related (?) posts:

Saturday, October 22, 2011

Libya's Colonel is Dead

You've probably read about it in the news: the Libyan Colonel is dead. Which is bad news for anybody still supporting him, good news for a whole lot of other folks.

The Lemming opined about Libya, autocrats, and living in the Information Age, in another blog:

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Lemming Tracks: Somalia Famine - Just Somalia?!

It's all over the news. Somalia is in bad shape. Particularly parts of southern Somalia, where Somalis face famine. In Somalia. Here's a sample of today's news about - Somalia.

"UN declares Somalia famine in Bakool and Lower Shabelle"
(July 20, 2011)

"The United Nations has declared a famine in two areas of southern Somalia as the region suffers the worst drought in more than half a century.

"The UN said the humanitarian situation in southern Bakool and Lower Shabelle had deteriorated rapidly.

"It is the first time that the country has seen famine in 19 years.

"Meanwhile, the UN and US have said aid agencies need further safety guarantees from armed groups in Somalia to allow staff to reach those in need...."

The Lemming is about as certain as it's possible to be, that the situation in Somalia is bad. Very bad. Definitely not-good. Pretty much the opposite of 'okay.' Somalis are dying of starvation, and diseases that might not have been so bad, if the folks hadn't been starving.

The Lemming is also glad to see that the United Nations decided to make a formal declaration of famine in two parts of Somalia. That's not, in the Lemming's opinion, as silly as it may sound: that sort of formal declaration probably makes it easier for the United States and other interested nations to start the process of getting help to those two spots in Somalia.

Eventually, the United Nations declaration, and government programs, may make a practical difference in the lives of some of the survivors.

In another blog, the Lemming mentioned one of the other outfits that's already in that part of the world: "Drought, Starvation, Death, Request for Help - But No Pressure," A Catholic Citizen in America (July 18, 2011).

Somalia's Got Trouble - And They've Got Company

Again, the Lemming is convinced that folks in Somalia - many of them - are starving, dying of diseases that should be non-lethal, and generally having a very bad time.

That's not right, and the Lemming thinks folks should do something to help. But, hey: no pressure.

Thanks to a long wait in a clinic, the Lemming heard over an hour of CNN news today. In which the tragedy of suffering in Somalia was discussed. Also starvation in Somalia, disease in Somalia, disease exacerbated by starvation in Somalia - where folks are suffering. Tragically. In Somalia.

This is not a criticism of CNN and nobody else - they're not the only ones obsessing on Somalia today. And, again: really, the Lemming thinks folks in Somalia are facing very real, very deadly, problems.

But - and it's hard to tell, given the coverage of Somalia - where Somalis are dying - in Somalia: Somalia isn't alone. It's one of several countries in the eastern part of Africa where folks are dealing with a catastrophic drought:

"...Some aid workers say this year's drought conditions in Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and South Sudan are the worst in living memory...."
(CNA)

Here's that list of countries:
  • Ethiopia
  • Kenya
  • Somalia
  • South Sudan

Putting Things in Perspective?

Quite often, the Lemming's all for journalists not taking a local or regional problem and implying that it's a continent-wide catastrophe. But the Lemming also thinks it's a good idea to at least mention when a problem in one country is shared by folks in several neighboring countries, too.

Sure, the United Nations probably didn't make a declaration about Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Sudan today. But would it kill the news anchor to mention that Somalia wasn't the only place where folks are facing drought, starvation, and associated unpleasantness?

The Lemming really needs to give ranting a rest - and that's another topic.

Somewhat-related posts:

Saturday, June 18, 2011

This Post is Not About Mutant Bananas

"War, Genocide, Refugees, and a Somali-American Helping Rwandan Refugees"
A Catholic Citizen in America (June 18, 2011)

"For two days now, I've been writing about World Refugee Day. Also Minnesota, the United Nations, turkeys, Antarctica, jobs, and getting along with neighbors:...

"...'Getting along with neighbors' can mean anything from dealing with a neighborhood association led by a control freak with an aversion to inflatable Santas, to deciding not to kill the family next door - even though they don't have the 'right' ancestors.

"Rwanda - It Could be Worse

"My guess is that there are several places on Earth that are in worse shape today, than Rwanda. Somalia and the Darfur region of Sudan come to mind. Even so, there are reasons why quite a few folks decided that it was time to move...."

The Lemming wrote that post, so this micro-review is pretty much a blatant example of full-bore self-promotion.

On the other hand, you might be interested in knowing what happened to a man who hid in a cattle truck, bribed a pilot, and eventually wound up in Utah. And why he was in the truck to begin with.

Or, not.

Almost-related posts:

Thursday, January 6, 2011

Lemming Tracks: Sudan, Africa, Independence, Unity, and Getting a Grip

This is not a political blog. But this post may seem 'political.'

The Lemming isn't "apathetic" in the dictionary sense of not caring - that's explained elsewhere ("About the Lemming ").

In other words, the Lemming has opinions. Some strongly held, others not so much.

One of these opinions is that people all over the world are
  • Different
  • Alike
The "different" part is fairly obvious, for anyone who takes a good look at the folks in various places. Think about it: when was the last time you heard of someone mistaking a Swede for a Kenyan, or either for a Korean. And that's just appearance. Over the last uncounted toll of generations, we've developed a vast and fascinating variety of ways to handle our lives.

Bottom line? Someone growing up in New Jersey isn't going to think and act quite the same way as someone who calls Botswana home. Someone from Thailand would consider both to have, well, foreign ways.

United Africa? Someday, Probably

Another of the Lemming's opinions, based on a degree in history and an interest in what's happened over the last few thousand years, is that the largest government units have been getting bigger. On average.

It hasn't been a smooth progression. For example, when the Roman Empire collapsed, about fifteen centuries or so back now, one whacking great political unit turned into a whole lot of little ones.

In general, though, if you look at the way folks have been organizing themselves on a millennium-by-millennium basis, we've gone from family groups, to small regional units like city states, bigger ones like kingdoms, then the occasional empire, and now outfits like the Africa Union and European Union.

There's even been an attempt to unite all nations: the United Nations. That outfit is still around, and probably will be for a while. In the Lemming's opinion, the AU, EU, and UN are attempts - most likely well-intentioned ones - to establish the sort of governments we'll have: later.

Africa's History is Important: So is Europe's

By about half a millennium ago, European warlords had hacked out a system for running their part of the world that was the foundation of the nations we see there now.

They were doing pretty well, with technology developed after Rome stopped being a reliable source of fresh horses other supplies. Which is another topic.

If Columbus hadn't gotten funding in 1492, in the Lemming's opinion, it would have been someone else. The time was right for Europe's leaders to start looking beyond their borders.

That's when European culture started to matter to a lot of folks living elsewhere.

European Colonialism

Having done time in American academia, the Lemming learned that we're supposed to loathe and despise European colonialism. You've probably read how awful it was, so I'll skip that part.

Then, roughly during the 20th century, European and (Euro-) American leaders decided that it was okay for those colonies to be independent. Frightfully decent of them, in the Lemming's opinion.

Good Intentions Paved the Way to Africa's Nations?

The Lemming prefers to believe that the folks who carved up Africa 'for the Africans' had good intentions. For what it's worth, the World War I winners indulged in 'nation-building' elsewhere, too:
Haven't heard of Pashtunistan? That nation doesn't exist: yet. Pashtuns weren't consulted when their part of the world was divided along the Durand line. They didn't forget who they were, though, and there's an effort today to get Pashtunistan established. They may succeed.

Meanwhile, back in Africa, the 'natives' there were given as much of a say in the "enthusiastically clueless nation-building of the treaty of Versailles" as 'natives' in eastern Europe and the Stans.

What if Space Aliens had Conquered Europe?

The way the Lemming explained to his kids what often happened to Europe's colonies follows. It's not a one-to-one match with reality, but it's 'good enough for a story.' Remember, this is fiction - intended to present post-colonial cluelessness in a fresh way.

Let's say that space aliens found Earth about the same time that Columbus got back from those islands.

Longbows and catapults were no match for death rays, fractal bombs, and lepton inhibitors. Or whatever the space aliens came up with in the 500,000 or so years' head-start they had on us. Yet another topic.

About a century ago the space aliens gave Earth back to the natives.

On the space aliens' terms.

When the former masters carved up Europe, they put Belgium, the Netherlands, and parts of what's France and Germany in one 'nation;' another part of France and Italy in another, and the western part of France lumped in with the British Isles and western Scandinavia.

In the real world, descendants of Vikings and their victims are cobbling something they call the European Union together. But they've had centuries to get used to the idea of living next to each other, and are developing ways for settling differences without killing someone.

That was Fiction: Africa's History, Alas! Isn't

The folks who decided where national borders should go in Africa didn't - the Lemming trusts - intend to force national 'unity' on folks who really, sincerely, didn't want to cooperate. That's what seems to have happened, though.

Africa's nations - for the most part defined by European powers - started getting independence at a great rate about a half-century ago. Considering the way national boundaries were determined, it could have turned out a lot worse.

Or a lot better.

Here's what got the Lemming started with this rant:

The "International Community" Doesn't Want More African Nations?!

"Will Sudan split set an African precedent?"
Africa, BBC News (January 6, 2011)

"On Sunday the people of Southern Sudan will vote on whether to become an independent nation. There is every indication they will vote in favour of cutting their links with Khartoum and become Africa's 54th state. BBC Africa analyst Martin Plaut considers whether this will increase demands from other African regions for independence.

"The slogan adopted by the Africa Union - the body representing the continent - is simple: Africa must unite.

"In the 1960s the leaders who brought Africa to independence were faced with a terrible dilemma.

"Most of the borders they had inherited had been drawn by the European powers who divided the continent in the 1880s, during what was known as the 'scramble for Africa'.

"They cut through ethnic groups, dividing peoples and even families. The countries threw together men and women who had differences of language and religion.

"Yet Africa's leaders decided to accept these frontiers: Unpicking them would have set every new country against the other. The independence borders were treated as sacrosanct.

"'Increased paranoia'

"So does the referendum in Sudan mark the end of this principle?

"Southern Sudan would not be the first new post-independence country to be recognised in Africa. Eritrea broke away from Ethiopia in 1993. But the Eritreans could argue that they had been an independent state under the Italians and that Emperor Haile Selassie had violated a United Nations resolution when the territory was annexed as just another Ethiopian province in 1962.

"So, it is said, Eritrea does not break the African injunction on new states. But a string of territories might argue that they have a case for secession...."

"...There has also been progress towards providing the African Union with a military capability drawing on regional forces.

"There are already African troops in conflict zones including Darfur and Somalia. The crisis in Ivory Coast is the next test of how far this has developed and to what extent the international community is prepared to support institutions like the West African grouping, Ecowas.

"All of the continent's nations still recognise the African Union as their representative body on the global stage.

"Certainly the international community does not want to see Africa splintering into fragments...."

The BBC did a pretty good job, in the Lemming's opinion, of presenting the situation as if what the folks in Africa do with their governments should be largely a concern for the folks in Africa. And giving a pretty good background on what's been happening, in terms of independence and unity.

'Too Many' African Nations?

It's that last sentenced that set the Lemming off: "...Certainly the international community does not want to see Africa splintering into fragments...."

Okay: so the "international community" doesn't want Africa to have a lot of independent nations. For starters, that'd give folks in Africa a whole lot more representation in the United Nations, than if they had just one 'official' spokesperson. Maybe the Lemming is being too cynical.

Vaguely-related posts, not in this blog:

Oversimplified? Absolutely!

If you think this post leaves out details - including some important ones - of the situation in Sudan and other parts of Africa: the Lemming agrees.

Africa is a big continent, with a long and complex history. The Lemming wanted to concentrate on one point in this post: that, in the Lemming's opinion, folks living in Africa, or Europe, or wherever, aren't all that different.

But we're not all alike: and bad things can happen when even well-intentioned meddlers try making decisions for folks in another culture.

Saturday, December 11, 2010

"Terribly Hairy Fly" of Kenya: "Like a Spider With Hairy Legs"

"Africa's 'terrible hairy fly' found in Kenya"
Science, Reuters (December 8, 2010)

"Scientists in Kenya have located one of the world's rarest and oddest-looking flies after a long hunt for an insect dubbed the "terrible hairy fly," experts said on Wednesday.

"Scientists first stumbled across the yellow-haired fly in 1933 and then again in 1948. Since then, at least half a dozen expeditions have visited a site between the towns of Thika and Garissa to find it again.

"At about one centimeter long and so far found on a single 20-meter high rock, the Mormotomyia hirsuta looks more like a spider with its hairy legs, scientists said....

The critter can't fly, has tiny eyes, and probably lives only in a bat-infested recess of that rock in the Ukazi Hills. Someone speculates that it might use its long legs to hitch a ride on a passing bat - but nobody's seen that happen.

Odds are that this thing is the only fly that's found only in Africa.

Somehow, the Lemming suspects that it won't get featured on travel posters. That's one ugly fly.

It's interesting, though - to folks who study flies. One question is how this little critter developed. And that's another topic.

Reuters posted a photo of Kenya's unique - thing.


(from Reuters/International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology/Handout, used w/o permission)

Sort-of-related posts:Like this post? Tweet it: Or, not: your choice.

Saturday, November 20, 2010

Fetching Water With a Q Drum: Looks Simple

Q Drum
"the rollable water container for developing countries"

"Water is essential to the survival of all forms of life and a clean and accessible supply is a basic need that millions of people around the world do not have. In disadvantaged and rural communities, the burden of fetching water invariably over long distances by cumbersome and far too often, unhygienic means is all too evident. The Q Drum is the simple, durable, effective and user-friendly solution to this problem. A device designed to improve the lives and health of countless people around the world...."

Looks like a good idea.

Ideally, folks living all over the world would have the sort of water treatment plant that's on the north side of Sauk Centre, where the Lemming lives. Plus the water tower, pumps, water mains and sewer system we've got.

Ideally.

Until everybody can afford that, technology like the Q Drum could make the job of getting clean drinking water easier. And, in some cases, practical.

From the company's About the Q Drum page:

"The idea of the Q Drum originated in response to the needs of rural people in developing countries who have a problem carrying adequate quantities of potable water from a reliable source.

"A burden which is generally bestowed on the women and children of each community. In Africa for example, many debilitating back and neck injuries are a result of women carrying heavy loads on their heads.

"Rolling water in a cylindrical vessel was the only solution that seemed to make sense and allow for a greater quality of life in this regard...."

The Q Drum is essentially a plastic drum with a hollow shaft down the center. The company's website says it's made of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), a synthetic material that's safe for carrying drinking water and "dry foodstuffs" - by which I gather they mean food like grain or flour.

It's got a fifty liter capacity - filled with water, it weighs 54.5 kilograms. If I did the math right, that's roughly 120 pounds. Once someone got it moving, it shouldn't be too hard to keep going on a relatively smooth, level surface. Going up or down slopes, though, might require planning - in the Lemming's opinion.

The thing comes with a rope - but if that breaks, just about anything long and flexible will do: a leather strap; or, of course, another rope. The website doesn't put it this way: but rope is a very common technology, quite possibly among the first we developed.

The Q Drum does have a 'down' side. A set of these things is cheaper than an urban water treatment facility - by far. But they're not exactly cheap, either.

The company has a Pricing page that discusses this - and has a table with costs per unit.

Somebody buying between 1 and 99 of them would pay R500 per unit. I assume that's 500 Rand - the South African currency unit. That might be around $72 USD. But don't take the Lemming's word for that. For one thing, currency values change over time.

The point is, as it says on that page: " 'The people that need them need can't afford them & must rely on people who can afford them but don't need them' "

Well, it's not a perfect world.

Some of the outfits that are helping Haiti might be interested in picking up Q Drums in large lots and taking them where they're needed.

Which brings the Lemming, somewhat clumsily, to Haiti: which doesn't seem to be doing any worse than last week; but not all that much better, either.Apparently there are already Q Drums in Haiti:And that's another topic.

Wednesday, October 27, 2010

Haiti, Nigeria, Cholera

"Haiti, Nigeria Battle Cholera"
Voice of America (October 26, 2010)

"Health providers and aid groups have mobilized to combat outbreaks of cholera in Haiti and Nigeria. Often causing extreme dysentery and dehydration, cholera arises from a strain of bacteria that is easily spread and hard to eradicate from infected zones. Cholera is a common after-effect of natural calamities.

"Ever since January's massive earthquake devastated Haiti, health officials have warned of the dangers of cholera. In a country where public sanitation infrastructure is poor to non-existent and clean drinking water is often hard to come by, more than 3,000 cholera cases and more than 250 deaths have been reported in recent weeks, mostly north of Port-au-Prince.

"Doctor John Andrus, Deputy Director of the Pan American Health Organization, spoke with reporters this week:

" 'People with low immunity, such as malnourished children or people with the HIV virus, are of greatest risk for death, if infected [with cholera],' said Andrus...."

Haiti and Nigeria aren't alone: There have been cholera outbreaks in Zimbabwe, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, too, according to the article.

The Lemming ran into the assertion that the earthquake in Haiti didn't cause cholera. True enough: the disease is caused by a bacteria. Roads, water handling systems, and buildings being destroyed by the earthquake in Haiti - and a great many folks who weren't killed having to move - in a country that was terribly poor to begin with - probably didn't help keep cholera from happening, either.

The Lemming is concentrating on Haiti - partly because it's closest to home; partly because it takes time to put together a list of charities; partly because quite a number of the outfits that help Haiti are interested in places around the world.

Related posts:More about Haiti, including a list of charities:

Monday, October 25, 2010

Zanzibar, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Words

Zanzibar is an archipelago off Tanzania. (travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1038.html)

It's also the name of a restaurant and pub in Menomonie, Wisconsin: which has its own website, zanzibarmenomonie.com. The restaurant and pub, I mean: not Menomonie. Although Menomonie has a website, too. Several. There's the official one, menomonie-wi.gov; and another one that claims to be the number one (in bold) source for information about the place, menomonie.com.

The latter is more mnemonic, since it's just the name of the town and the familiar ".com" - and it's interesting because Menomonie sounds a little like mnemonic, but doesn't mean the same thing. Mnemonic means "a device (such as a rhyme or acronym) used to aid recall" (Princeton's WordNet). Menomonie apparently means "wild rice people," in Ojibwa. (Discover-net.net) And Mahnomen, Minnesota, means "wild rice," in Chippewa (mahnomen.govoffice.com)- which seems to be pretty much the same word as Ojibwe. Or Ojibwa.

Please - don't be offended. French, English, and English-speaking Americans have been around the Wisconsin-Minnesota area for quite a while, they're the ones who started writing down what they thought they heard folks say when they asked, 'what's that?' Between creative spelling, local and regional dialects, and time - it's a wonder the names are as close as they are.

In the Lemming's opinion, anyway.

Sunday, October 10, 2010

10/10/10 10:10 - Hedgehogs!

On this 10th minute of the 10th hour of the 10th day of the 10th month of 2010, let us remember: hedgehogs!

Hedgehogs: Africa!

"Hedgehog"
African Wildlife Foundation

"Physical Characteristics

" 'Small enough to fit in your hands but too prickly to hold' is a good description of the hedgehog. Though small, it is by no means defenseless. Thousands of stiff, sharp spines-harder and sharper than those of a porcupine-cover the animal's back and sides, like a pincushion filled with needles.

"Even though spines, or quills, provide the hedgehog with effective protection, the animal's most striking characteristic is its practice of curling up into a tight ball, with its spines sticking out in all directions. When the hedgehog rolls up, a special, highly developed circular muscle that runs along the sides of the body and across the rump and neck contracts and forms a "bag" into which the body, head and legs are folded. The hedgehog curls up if disturbed or frightened-only the strongest predators, such as the badger, can pry it open. It also sleeps in this position, so is rarely caught unprotected.

"Habitat

"Hedgehogs inhabit a wide range across a variety of climates and terrains in East Africa. Although not found in the Americas, other species of hedgehogs live in different parts of Africa, Europe and Asia, as well as in New Zealand, where they have been introduced. Their distribution on the different continents is, however, very local. They must have dry shelters on well-drained soil and a good supply of ground-dwelling insects and other invertebrates. Suburban Nairobi meets these habitat conditions, where hedgehogs are reported to be abundant...."

And here the Lemming had thought of the hedgehog as a British critter.

Hedgehogs: England!

Turns out, there are hedgehogs in England, and they've got friends there: the British Hedgehog Preservation Society.

The British hedgehogs get in the news now and again:

"Bald hedgehog is found abandoned"
BBC (November 5, 2009)

"A bald hedgehog abandoned by his mother in a garden in Norfolk is being treated at a wildlife rescue centre in a bid to encourage his spikes to grow.

"Baldrick, named after the character from the television programme Blackadder, was brought to Foxy Lodge wildlife rescue centre, Great Yarmouth.

"He is now being cared for by Tonia and John Garner in the hope he can be eventually released into the wild.

"Treatment includes antiseptic scrubs and baby oil massages...."

Don't laugh: Baldrick the little bald hedgehog needs was abandoned, after all.

Hedgehogs: The World!

Let us not forget that we live in a global village, that no man is an island, and all that. Which may explain the International Hedgehog Association.

Never heard of the IHA? Here's how they explain themselves:

"The IHA is a registered charitable non-profit organization established with the purpose of educating the public in the care and betterment of hedgehogs and to facilitate the rescue, welfare, promotion and care of hedgehogs everywhere...."

Yes, indeed: pursuing the betterment and promotion of hedgehogs everywhere.

Hedgehogs: Academia!

"The phylogenetic relationships of insectivores with special reference to the lesser hedgehog tenrec as inferred from the complete sequence of their mitochondrial genome."
PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health (February 2003)

And that was just the title. Here's the article's abstract:

"The complete mitochondrial genome of a lesser hedgehog tenrec Echinops telfairi was determined in this study. It is an endemic African insectivore that is found specifically in Madagascar. The tenrec's back is covered with hedgehog-like spines. Unlike other spiny mammals, such as spiny mice, spiny rats, spiny dormice and porcupines, lesser hedgehog tenrecs look amazingly like true hedgehogs (Erinaceidae). However, they are distinguished morphologically from hedgehogs by the absence of a jugal bone. We determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of a lesser hedgehog tenrec and analyzed the results phylogenetically to determine the relationships between the tenrec and other insectivores (moles, shrews and hedgehogs), as well as the relationships between the tenrec and endemic African mammals, classified as Afrotheria, that have recently been shown by molecular analysis to be close relatives of the tenrec. Our data confirmed the afrotherian status of the tenrec, and no direct relation was recovered between the tenrec and the hedgehog. Comparing our data with those of others, we found that within-species variations in the mitochondrial DNA of lesser hedgehog tenrecs appear to be the largest recognized to date among mammals, apart from orangutans, which might be interesting from the view point of evolutionary history of tenrecs on Madagascar."

Finally, on a lighter note: links to earlier posts on hedgehogs and similarly cute critters.

Related posts:

Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Mutant Bananas: A Pretty Good Idea, Actually

"Bananas Get Pepper Power"
Emily Sohn, Earth News, Discovery News (August 23, 2010)

"Bananas might have gained a new weapon against a devastating disease: The green pepper.

"By genetically modifying bananas with two green pepper genes, scientists have managed to give bananas resistance to Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), a bacteria that is sweeping through plantations in East and Central Africa. BXW causes about half a billion dollars in damage each year.

"There is currently no good way to stop BXW. There are no varieties of banana that are resistant to it. And there are many other diseases like it spreading worldwide.

" 'Once this disease is in the field, that's an absolute loss because farmers cannot save anything,' said Leena Tripathi, a plant biotechnologist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Kampala, Uganda. 'The economic consequences are quite high.'...

This sounds like a good idea. Particularly considering how important the things are: and not just for making banana splits.

"...Bananas are one of the most important sustenance crops in the world. In Uganda, Tripathi said, a single person often eats more than three pounds of banana a day. In the United States, people eat more bananas than any other fresh fruit, according to the United States Department of Agriculture, averaging about 26 pounds per person each year...."

Bioengineering better bananas: we don't have many options.

One reason that disease spreads so quickly in banana plantations is that the trees in a plantation are usually genetically identical to each other. Bananas can't reproduce sexually: they don't make seeds that will grow.

That means that it's impossible to breed new strains of bananas. The plants don't breed.

The good news is that we've now got ways to take genes from one creature and put them in another. Sounds spooky, but it's pretty much the same sort of thing we've been doing for millennia, by breeding plants and animals. And, for that matter, grafting the branches from one tree onto another's trunk or roots.

Anyway:

"...In 2005, Tripathi and colleagues started investigating the potential of two genes from green peppers that have been infused into other plants and have provided resistance to bacterial diseases. In lab conditions, they found that normal bananas developed severe symptoms of BXW in just 12 days.

"Six out of eight lines of their transgenic bananas, on the other hand, developed no symptoms at all. They reported some of their findings in the journal Molecular Plant Pathology...."

Provided that the disease-resistant bananas don't produce allergic reactions in humans, or have other problems: looks like folks who depend on bananas for their food and livelihood will get a break soon.

Related posts:

Monday, July 26, 2010

Flying Cucumber? Psychedelic Skyrocket? Dress?!

"The worst dress in the history of Earth?"
Oddly Enough, Reuters blog (July 26, 2010)

"Blog Guy, I'm a very strict father with a parenting question. My daughter's prom is next weekend, and…..."

"...Anyway, you know how kids behave at those things, and I'm afraid the boys will be trying to get her to do you-know-what. So I'm looking to find a prom dress that will keep her absolutely safe...."

Robert Basler found some - thing?

"...Picture a large, festive zucchini with wings and a peephole...."

That's a real - dress?? - created by Ivory Coast designer Anderson D. It was, according to Reuters, shown during Dakar Fashion Week (July 18, 2010).

Photographer Finbarr O'Reilly took these pictures. The Oddly Enough post doesn't say whether they were taken covertly, or if the DFW was aware that their actions were being recorded.

What's impressive, to me, is that Oddly Enough's humor notwithstanding - this is supposed to be an example of serious fashion design.

The thing reminds me of some sort of fireworks rocket. Here's another look: those wings move.


(Finbarr O'Reilly, via Oddly Enough/Reuters, used w/o permission)

In fairness, there must be clothing designers somewhere who are sane. What impresses me is the number of those who come up with "creations" like this. And apparently get paid to do so.

Related posts:

Thursday, July 8, 2010

Ghana, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Information Age

"Ghana is set to transform management of intellectual property rights"
Ghana News Agency (July 6, 2010)

"Ghana on Tuesday set out structural indicators for modernisation of the country's Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime in conformity with international best practices

"These include the provision of transfer of technology among key stakeholders on operations of IPR, create avenue for innovation to enhance productivity and facilitate trade and industrial competitiveness.

"Ms Hannah Tetteh, Minister of Trade and Industry (MOTI), disclosed this during the inauguration of National Intellectual Property Policy Committee (NIPPC) and Technical Coordination Group charged with the mandate to establish national IP policy development...."

There's more in the article - that's probably of more interest to folks living in Ghana than here in Minnesota. On the other hand, we're really not that far away.

Thanks to Information Age technology, including the Internet, I'd be able to communicate with someone in Ghana about as easily as I can with someone living in, say, Minneapolis or Chicago.

I took a quick look at the Ghana article in the CIA World Factbook. In common with many parts of Africa, Ghana has an impressive array of natural resources, from gold and industrial-grade diamonds to fish. That's a good start - and I'm glad to see that Ghana's leaders are getting up to speed with Information Age legal standards.

These days, the Gulf of Guinea isn't very far from the Gulf of Mexico or Bangkok - and I think it's a good idea for us all to get on the same page where it comes to how we handle 'intellectual property.'

Tuesday, July 6, 2010

Main One Cable: Big Boost For West African Broadband

"UPDATE 1-Undersea cable set to boost West Africa broadband"
Reuters Africa (July 2, 2010)

"An eagerly-awaited submarine cable linking West Africa to Europe has gone live, paving the way for cheaper and more reliable internet access in one of the world's fastest-growing telecoms markets, its operators said on Friday.

"The 7,000 km (4,350 mile) fibre optic Main One Cable runs from Portugal to Nigeria and Ghana, and also branches out to Morocco, the Canary Islands, Senegal and Ivory Coast.

"The Main One Cable Company says it delivers more than ten times the broadband capacity of the South Atlantic Terminal (SAT-3), Nigeria's sole existing undersea cable, and 20 times the entire satellite capacity of sub-Saharan Africa...."

The company setting up the cable says that Main One's cable will affect Nigeria's education, health, and entertainment industries. And help create jobs across Africa. They could be right.

I rather hope they are: Nigeria's one of Africa's up-and-coming countries, with resources and people to manage them. These days, it takes a good communications network to run a business - which the new cable should help to create.

Isn't the Lemming Apathetic?

The Lemming's written about that before. I'm "apathetic" only in the sense that I don't care - intensely, irrationally - about the 'proper' things.

My interest in Nigeria and other places around the world is partly self-centered. I live on the same planet, and what happens anywhere tends to affect people everywhere - however indirectly.

Vaguely-related posts:

Monday, June 21, 2010

African Art, Photos, and a Whacking Great Generalization

"The African sculptures mistaken for remains of Atlantis
CNN (June 21, 2010)

"A hundred years ago when German explorer Leo Frobenius visited West Africa and came across some sculpted bronze heads and terracotta figures, he was sure he had discovered remains of the mythical lost city of Atlantis.

"He refused to believe that the sophisticated and ornately carved bronze sculptures were made in Africa.

"In his book, Voice of Africa, Frobenius wrote: 'Before us stood a head of marvellous beauty, wonderfully cast in antique bronze, true to the life, incrusted with a patina of glorious dark green. This was, in very deed, the Olokun, Atlantic Africa's Poseidon.'

" 'I was moved to silent melancholy at the thought that this assembly of degenerate and feeble-minded posterity should be the legitimate guardians of so much loveliness,' he added...."

I don't think there's much doubt, these days, that 19th century Euro-Western cultures weren't as inclusive and insightful as they could have been.

That said, let's remember that Frobenius's book is, as the reporter wrote, a century old:
  • "The voice of Africa: being an account of the travels of the German Inner African Exploration Expedition in the years 1910-1912 (1913)"
    Author: Frobenius, Leo, 1873-1938; Deutsche Inner-Afrikanische Forschungs Expedition
    (Internet Archive)

19th-Century Biases, Huck Finn, and Getting a Grip

Parts of Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn" do a pretty good job of showing the sort of attitude 'proper' people had toward Africans and things African then:
"...'It warn't the grounding—that didn't keep us back but a little. We blowed out a cylinder-head.'

" 'Good gracious! anybody hurt?'

" 'No'm. Killed a [redacted].'

" 'Well, it's lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt....'..."
Chapter CHAPTER XXXII, "Huckleberry Finn," Mark Twain/Samuel Clemens (1885)
That term, [redacted], is probably why "Huckleberry Finn" was banned a couple decades back, when political correctness was in bloom. That, and a certain cluelessness about what the book was saying about [redacted] Jim and 19th-century mores.

In this context, [redacted] means a person whose ancestors came entirely or primarily from Africa. You know: one of those "degenerate and feeble-minded" folks the German author described.

What sets Twain apart from Frobenius is that in "Huckleberry Finn," [redacted] Jim comes across as among the smartest and wisest folks in the story: and certainly as worthy of respect as any of the 'proper' people.
An Exhibition With a Message
This Ife sculpture exhibition has a Message - capital "M:"

"...According to Neil Macgregor, Director of the British Museum, there was a conscious effort to display the Ife sculptures at the same time as an exhibition of Italian Renaissance drawings at the museum because he wanted to highlight the 'relationship between Nigerian culture and the rest of the world.'

" 'We wanted to make the point that nobody, when they learn European art history, studying Italy and Renaissance in the fourteenth, fifteenth centuries, is taught that at exactly the same time in West Africa, artistic production of the same level and the same quality is going on,' he said during a talk on Nigeria at the museum...."
"Nobody, When They Learn European Art History..." - Who's "Nobody?"
Hi, I'm "nobody:" the fellow who learned about African art in courses about European art.

I'm one of the many "nobodies" who sat around me. As I recall, with a few exceptions, we were simply 'not British.'

Maybe British Museum Director Neil Macgregor was thinking exclusively of British students, when he said that nobody learned about African art in European art courses. Maybe the United Kingdom skipped the 'all Africa, all the time' academic fad, back around the seventies and eighties.

Bottom line? I think it's a good idea to study connections and parallels among cultures. But I've also gotten over feeling ashamed and/or bitter over what somebody else did, a century and more ago.
What? European Art History Courses Focusing on European Art?!!
I've been a teacher: it can be challenging to fit the content you're supposed to cover into the class periods of a semester, quarter, or summer session.

Maybe European art history courses in the United Kingdom actually do focus exclusively on European art.

It'd be nice, of course, to push some of the European stuff aside, to make room for art from:
  • Africa
  • India
  • Australia
  • China
  • Polynesia
  • America
    • North
    • South
    • Central
If I left out someone's favorite cultural/ethnic group, by the way: I'm sorry about that. There are so many.

Moving along.

'I don't Know Much About Art, But I Know What I Like'

Back to the reporter, Frobenius, and a remarkable art exhibition.

The CNN article's slide show features mostly representational sculptures from Ife: the sort of art that Frobenius and most contemporary Westerners are apt to recognize as 'good' art.

I like well-done representational art, myself. There's been a great deal of art created in many cultures, which is worth studying and takes pains to follow exactly those forms which we see in nature. In some circles, the person who says 'I don't know much about art, but I know what I like,' is considered a boor or a buffoon. My take on the phase is that it's an expression of art appreciation that's latent in most people. That's another topic.

I don't know all that much about Ife culture, but I assume that the British museum has a particular theme or idea in mind, and that the 'life-like' sculptures fit that idea.

Africa and Abstract Art

On the other hand, the biggest contribution of African culture and art to European culture may be what European artists started studying, as gaping holes in the 'degenerate African' model became impossible to ignore.

Take this Songye mask, for example.

It doesn't "look like" a human face. Certainly not in the same way that the Ife sculptures pictured in the CNN article do.

But even by itself, with not hint of scale or position relative to the rest of the world, it, it - looks like a human face. Once recognized as a mask, it's almost impossible to not pick out the eyes and mouth.

Westerners have seen abstract art (good, bad, and atrocious) for generations now: so we're probably not all that surprised or shocked any more. But we wouldn't have gotten the pioneering abstract artists, if they hadn't gotten interested in African art.

I'm getting off-topic here, but not by much.

On Tour - in "Various States"

I'd like to see this Kingdom of Ife collection, myself: and might have an opportunity, if I can figure out where it's going to be, later this year. The CNN article has this tantalizing paragraph:

"...The sculptures are currently on display at the British Museum in London until 4th July and will move to various states in the United States from September...."

Which states? When? Good question. If you've got an answer, I'd appreciate your sharing it in a comment - with a link to wherever the exhibition is, if possible. Thanks in advance.

Related posts ('sculpture' is the connecting idea):More:

Tuesday, May 4, 2010

Pangolins: Anteaters From Another Planet?

"Species: ADORABLE."
Daily Squee (April 30, 2010)

"There comes a point in every blogger's life where he has to admit that his commenters are smarter than him. I'm giving up. You guys? What is this thing?..."


(from Daily Squee, used w/o permission)

The first two folks to leave a comment got it right: it's a pangolin.

Pangolins: They're Endangered, of Course

Unlike bats, cats, gnats, and rats: Pangolins are endangered. And, of course, there's at least one 'save the pangolins' organization. Probably more than one. Throw a sustainable rock these days, and you're likely to hit some 'Save the [whatever]' outfit. Not that I'd throw a rock, sustainable or otherwise, unless I was really sure where it would land.

SavePangolins.org, by the way, seems to have a point: there's a brisk demand for pangolin parts in China; and some folks in southeast Asia are willing to deal in contraband pangolins to supply the demand.

The website includes this paragraph:
"...Little is known about the illegal trade in Asian pangolins other than its alarming scale, which is evidenced by confiscations of shipments seized from the black market of thousands of pangolins. The lack of information about the trade makes combating it that much more challenging...."
("Threats," SavePangolins.org)
One of those shipments was pretty big:That wasn't 5,000 pangolins, by the way. The ship carried pangolins, Asian giant turtles and lizards.
No Pangolins in Minnesota: But This isn't All That Off-Topic
I don't think that uncontrolled hunting is a good idea, by the way. I live in central Minnesota, where the gray wolf population is managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Good thing, too: Gray wolves were in trouble a few years back. (Back in the 19th century, it seemed like a good idea to exterminate wolves. They eat deer - and, more to the point, livestock. Then we noticed that we were up to our hips in deer. You get the picture.)
Back to the Imperiled Pangolin
My ears pricked up when I read: "The lack of information about the trade makes combating it that much more challenging." It's 'way too easy to read that as 'we don't know much about this, but we're sure it must be really bad because it must be a crisis.'1

Well, the pangolins could really be in trouble.

Apparently nobody's thought of raising the things as livestock. My guess is that the first person to figure out how to do so without getting hit by every wildlife PAC on the planet will make a fortune - and save wild pangolins by outproducing and underpricing the hunters and smugglers.

We might wind up having as many pangolins as we do pigs: which might be extinct by now, if we didn't raise the things for - just about everything. Some wit said that the pig industry sells "everything but the scream."

The Pangolin: What Planet is That From?

Despite appearances, the Pangolin is native to Earth. Those scales are made of keratin, just like our hair and fingernails. Only different.

If you think a pangolin looks like an anteater, you're right. Sort of. I mean, it doesn't look like Myrmecophaga tridactyla. But it does: in overall shape.

And, in a generic sense, pangolins are anteaters. They eat termites, too.

And have very sharp scales: which tends to discourage predators. I mean to say: there's got to be a meal that's easier to get at, than a rolled-up pangolin.

Which reminds me: I found a video. Two, actually.

"Scaly Pangolin in Kalahari Desert"

uitspan, YouTube (November 06, 2006)
video, 0:58

"Get detailed info on http://www.kalahari-trophy-hunting.co...
This pangolin is quite scarce, even in the Kalahari. This video shows how it wraps itself when danger is near and how it moves off.
"

This video reminds me of home movies, without narration.

"pangolin"

sonefe67, YouTube (October 26, 2007)
video, 2:19

"a very interesting armored animal"

A more polished, and rather old-style, micro-documentary.

Almost-related posts:More (than you may want to know) about Pangolins:
A tip of the hat to irish_brigid, on Twitter, for the heads-up on that baby pangolin photo.

1 I remember the dying gasps of McCarthyism (think Frank Burns, in television's M*A*S*H), when some terribly earnest folks were sure that the commies were behind what they didn't like: because there was no evidence to speak of. To them, that proved that a conspiracy was covering up the evidence. You can't argue with logic like that.

So, I get a little skeptical, fast, when folks say they don't have much information, but are sure there's a great crisis.

Thursday, April 1, 2010

Sleeping Sickness: Good News, Maybe

"Scientists in sleeping sickness 'breakthrough' "
BBC (March 31, 2010)

"Scientists say they have identified a potential treatment for sleeping sickness, a killer disease that infects about 60,000 people in Africa a year.

"British and Canadian experts say drugs could attack an enzyme the parasite causing the illness needs to survive.

"They say the orally-administered drug could be ready for human clinical trials in about 18 months...."

"Sleeping sickness" is a very real problem in areas where tsetse flies are common. It isn't the flies: it's the parasites they carry. Biting people is part of the tsetse fly life cycle - and the parasites have a really bad effect on our central nervous system.

My guess is that we'd have a more effective way of dealing with sleeping sickness now, if tsetse flies lived in Europe. They don't: and since Europe is where radical technological changes have generally been starting over about the last five centuries, sleeping sickness simply wasn't on the radar until fairly recently.

Western civilization is doing some serious catch-up these days, including this research. It was done in Dundee in partnership with the University or York in England and the Structural Genomics Consortium in Toronto, Canada.

There haven't been really acceptable treatments for sleeping sickness. As the article says:

"...The two drugs currently available to treat sleeping sickness both have associated problems.

"One is arsenic-based with side effects that kill one in 20 patients and the other - eflornithine - is costly, only partially effective and requires prolonged hospital treatment, the scientists said."

Arsenic and a 5% chance that the cure will kill you. Yeah, That's a real problem.

I sincerely hope that the tests go well.

Friday, March 12, 2010

Haiti's Still in Trouble: Just a Reminder

Earthquakes and their aftermaths; news from Haiti and Chile:

"Strong quakes torment Chile as president sworn in"
The Associated Press (March 11, 2010)

"The earth shook and shook Thursday as dignitaries walked in for the swearing-in of Sebastian Pinera as Chile's president. It shook some more as they waited for him.

"People in the balconies of the vast congressional hall in coastal Valparaiso shouted warnings as a massive light fixture rocked overhead, and heads of state nervously eyed the ceiling. But a steely calm prevailed, and Pinera strode in smiling.

"The 60-year-old president and his ministers then quickly swore their oaths, and the audience of 2,000 headed for the exits and the hills, joining an evacuation called out of concern that Thursday's repeated aftershocks would set off another tsunami...."

"Two kidnapped foreign aid workers freed in Haiti"
Reuters (March 11, 2010)

"Two foreign aid workers with Doctors Without Borders in quake-hit Haiti were kidnapped and held for nearly a week before being freed early on Thursday, the international medical charity said.

"'Two of my colleagues, two women, were abducted last Friday. They were released early this morning ... they are in good health and in good shape,' Michel Peremans, spokesman in Haiti for Doctors Without Borders/Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), told Reuters.

" 'It is not our policy to pay any ransoms,' Peremans said. He declined to say whether a ransom had been asked for in this case, or who the kidnappers were.

"Citing privacy considerations, he declined to give details of their identities or nationalities or of the circumstances of the kidnapping, which occurred in the capital Port-au-Prince...."

"Rainy season brings new threat to Haiti"
ABC News (March 11, 2010)

"The International Red Cross is warning of a new humanitarian crisis in Haiti, with the approaching rainy season set to wreak havoc in overcrowded 'tent cities'.

"With nowhere else to go, hundreds of thousands of homeless Haitians have set up camp on dangerous ground which is susceptible to flood and mudslides.

"Many of the makeshift camps are overcrowded and still growing, and International Red Cross spokesman Alex Wynter says the wet season will only make matters worse.

" 'There's no doubt, and no-one is trying to make any secret of the fact, that this country faces a very grave humanitarian emergency with the rainy season,' he said.

" 'We've got 5,000 local volunteers on hand to do things like digging out drainage gullies so that downpours don't turn into floods.'..."

Nothing really new here, apart from the good news about those folks with Doctors Without Borders. Chile will be experiencing aftershocks - and possibly not-quite-so-closely-related earthquakes - for weeks, months. Longer. It's a geologically active area.

Feeling Generous? Pick Your Charity

I put together a list of charities, after the big quake in Haiti this year. It's pretty obvious that folks in Haiti will need help for the foreseeable future - this page has links and other contact information:

Haiti isn't the only place where people are in need. There's the food situation in Zimbabwe, for instance. But enough with the crises. For now.

Related posts:

Feeling Compassionate, Doing Something About It

I think it's nice to feel bad for people going through hard times. I also think it's nice to do something about it. My household gave to a special collection at our church. We're not particularly wealthy people, for Americans, so my family's contribution was a tiny fraction of the quarter-million dollars that the diocese raised. My guess is that a lot of people gave a little, and a few gave a lot.

We're Catholics, so giving help when we can isn't an option: it's a requirement.

I mentioned Zimbabwe before. This post is already longer than many, and I'm getting off-topic, but one more link. It shows the Catholic Church in America's take on some of what's happening in Africa, and has some links.

Wednesday, January 27, 2010

Kenyan Music: There's More to It Than You May Think

"On the Beat - Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry"
WIPO Magazine (July 2007)

"The modern musical landscape of Kenya is one of the most diverse and vibrant of all African countries. But under-investment, ineffective management of intellectual property rights, and rampant piracy have prevented the industry from realizing its economic potential and left its artists struggling to earn a living. Following a recent visit to Nairobi by a team of WIPO's copyright and outreach experts, this article takes a look at what makes Kenya's music great, and at some of the elements which have hitherto stunted its growth.

"With more than forty different regional languages, the country's musical panorama is rich and remarkably complex. Driving through Nairobi's streets in your matatu, you will hear songs in Luhya, Luo, Kamba, and Kikuyu on every street corner. Music has traditionally been a distinctive feature of Kenyan ethnic groups, such as the Kikuyu, Kenya's largest ethnic community, and the Luo people of the Lake Victoria region, who have always been particularly well known for their musical culture.

"In addition to its entertainment value, Kenyan music has always been, and is still today, a major vehicle for sharing information and educating local populations. Opondo Owenga, a traditional Benga musician, was well known during the colonial era for his use of music to convey the history of the Luo people. Such musical riches are under threat, however, since traditional music rooted in oral tradition is disappearing at an alarming rate...."

"...Despite its vibrant creativity and boom in production, the Kenyan music industry is nowhere near realizing its potential. 'Nobody knows about Kenyan music,' says Suzanna Owiyo, 'and that is because we lack proper networking in terms of distribution.'

"Paradoxically, the very diversity of Kenya's musical scene represents a key challenge to developing a sustainable industry. In particular, its linguistic diversity has fragmented the market and made it more difficult for artists to develop unique and recognizable sounds that can serve as currency for access to mainstream global markets...."

If you hadn't heard about Kenyan music before, you have now. That "diversity" is a bit of an understatement. I didn't find anything worth posting here, but it's pretty clear that, besides a still-awesome array of traditional music, there's everything from reggae and hip hop to pop being performed in Kenya.

From other sources, including my second-oldest daughter, I've learned that music being "performed" isn't all there is to music in many parts of the world - including Kenya.

Euro-Americans tend to think of music as something a musician performs, that an audience listens to. Or as something you do in the shower. That's music, but it's not all there is to music.

Music can be functional - a part of the processes of life. Europeans had sea shanties (or chantey, chanty, or sea chantey) that helped sailors coordinate their efforts. Folks at the other end of the Eurasian continent did the same sort of thing, I understand.

Anyway: the article's a pretty good introduction to Kenyan music as it is in the 21st century.

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